{"product_id":"varieties-of-meaning-the-2002-jean-nicod-lectures-paperback","title":"Varieties of Meaning: The 2002 Jean Nicod Lectures - Paperback","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eRuth Garrett Millikan\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany different things are said to have meaning: people mean to do various things; tools and other artifacts are meant for various things; people mean various things by using words and sentences; natural signs mean things; representations in people's minds also presumably mean things. In \u003ci\u003eVarieties of Meaning\u003c\/i\u003e, Ruth Garrett Millikan argues that these different kinds of meaning can be understood only in relation to each other.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat does meaning in the sense of purpose (when something is said to be meant for something) have to do with meaning in the sense of representing or signifying? Millikan argues that the explicit human purposes, explicit human intentions, are represented purposes. They do not merely represent purposes; they possess the purposes that they represent. She argues further that things that signify, intentional signs such as sentences, are distinguished from natural signs by having purpose essentially; therefore, unlike natural signs, intentional signs can misrepresent or be false.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart I discusses \"Purposes and Cross-Purposes\"--what purposes are, the purposes of people, of their behaviors, of their body parts, of their artifacts, and of the signs they use. Part II then describes a previously unrecognized kind of natural sign, \"locally recurrent\" natural signs, and several varieties of intentional signs, and discusses the ways in which representations themselves are represented. Part III offers a novel interpretation of the way language is understood and of the relation between semantics and pragmatics. Part IV discusses perception and thought, exploring stages in the development of inner representations, from the simplest organisms whose behavior is governed by perception-action cycles to the perceptions and intentional attitudes of humans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 256\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.56 x 8.8 x 5.84 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e August 11, 2006\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42107136180304,"sku":"9780262633420","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/9540\/0016\/files\/OGUrY2tHNGM0eHIyaC9PMFo4NGlJQT09.webp?v=1772334021","url":"https:\/\/palm-malen-gift-shop-pmrc.myshopify.com\/products\/varieties-of-meaning-the-2002-jean-nicod-lectures-paperback","provider":"Palm Malen Gift Shop -PMRC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}